Thursday, May 22, 2025

How IT Careers Connect to What You Learn in TEC 101

1. The History of Computers

In TEC 101, students learn about how computers started and how they work today. This includes early machines, all the way to the modern laptop or smartphone. IT workers need to understand how computers have changed over time so they can work with both old and new systems.

2. Computer Parts and How They Work

To do well in IT, you must understand the parts inside a computer. This includes:

CPU (the brain of the computer)
RAM (temporary memory)
Hard drive or SSD (storage)
Input/output devices (like keyboards and printers)

For example, an IT support worker might need to replace bad RAM or upgrade a computer’s storage. TEC 101 helps you learn what each part does and how they work together.

3. Programming and Coding

Many IT jobs use programming. You don’t have to be a professional coder, but you should know how to write basic scripts to make tasks easier. You might use Python or PowerShell to automate things like backing up files or setting up accounts. TEC 101 teaches the basics of how programs run and how code is written.

4. Application Software

Application software is what people use every day—like Word, Excel, or email apps. IT workers need to install, fix, and help others use this software. They may also help a business choose the best programs to use. TEC 101 introduces students to common programs used in schools and offices.

5. Databases and Data Management

A database is where information is stored and organized. IT workers use tools like SQL to get data from these systems. For example, a database might store customer names or product info. In TEC 101, you learn the basics of how databases work and why they are important.

6. Networking and Cybersecurity

Networking is how computers connect to each other—like when you go online or use a printer. TEC 101 teaches about things like routers, IP addresses, and how data moves between devices. IT careers often focus on keeping networks running smoothly and making sure they are secure. This includes protecting systems from viruses and hackers.

Conclusion

IT careers are closely connected to everything you learn in TEC 101. From the history of computers to networks, software, and programming, IT jobs use this knowledge every day. If you like solving problems, working with technology, and helping others, a career in IT could be a great path for you.

Sources

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023). Computer and Information Technology Occupations. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/home.htm
Ceruzzi, P. E. (2012). Computing: A Concise History. MIT Press.

Wednesday, May 21, 2025

Why Information and System Security Matters: Protecting Your Digital Life

In our hyper-connected digital world, the importance of information and system security has never been greater. From individuals managing their personal finances to organizations handling sensitive client data, everyone relies on computer systems and networks to communicate, store, and process information. But this digital convenience comes at a cost—cybersecurity threats are evolving, and they're more dangerous than ever.

The Digital Threat Landscape: Viruses, Malware, and Ransomware

Let’s face it—cyber threats like computer viruses, malware, and ransomware are no longer rare occurrences. They’re among the most common dangers targeting our digital systems today.

Computer viruses are designed to spread between devices by latching onto files or programs. Once activated, they can replicate and damage everything from documents to entire operating systems.
Malware, short for malicious software, includes a broader range of threats—worms, trojans, spyware, adware—you name it. These programs aim to disrupt, spy, or steal data without your knowledge.
Ransomware takes things to another level. This nasty software locks your files and demands a ransom for the key. A real-world example? The 2021 Colonial Pipeline attack that halted fuel delivery across parts of the U.S. and led to a $4.4 million ransom payment.

Why Are We So Vulnerable?

You might wonder, "Why are systems so easy to hack?" Often, the problem lies in outdated software, weak security settings, and, unfortunately, human error.

Phishing emails, shady downloads, and even just clicking the wrong link can give cybercriminals the access they need. According to Symantec’s 2023 report, many organizations fail to apply security updates promptly, leaving the door wide open for attackers.

The Real-World Impact of a Cyberattack

The damage from a security breach can be brutal. For individuals, it could mean identity theft, stolen bank information, or personal photos being leaked. For organizations, it can lead to data loss, disrupted services, or legal liabilities.

Ransomware attacks, in particular, can paralyze entire businesses. Besides data encryption, attackers often threaten to release sensitive data if demands aren't met—putting both reputation and operations at risk.

Staying Safe in a Risky Digital World

So, how can you protect yourself and your organization? Here are a few key practices that make a big difference:

1. Keep Software Updated

Apply security patches regularly for your operating systems, apps, and antivirus software. This closes the holes attackers look for.

2. Use Reliable Security Tools

Install reputable antivirus and anti-malware programs. These tools can detect and block threats in real time before they cause harm.

3. Back Up Your Data

Regular backups—especially stored offline or in secure cloud environments—can be a lifesaver during a ransomware attack.

4. Educate Yourself and Your Team

Train staff on recognizing phishing emails, safe browsing practices, and the importance of strong passwords. Human error is the weakest link, so strengthening it goes a long way.

Final Thoughts

Cyber threats like viruses, malware, and ransomware are more than just buzzwords—they’re real and growing. Staying ahead of these dangers requires awareness, smart habits, and the right security tools. Whether you're safeguarding your personal files or protecting an entire organization’s network, taking proactive steps now can save you from devastating losses later.

FBI. (2021). Ransomware Awareness for Holidays and Weekends. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Symantec. (2023). Internet Security Threat Report. NortonLifeLock Inc.

The Importance of Computer Literacy in the Mortgage Industry: Preparing for a Tech-Driven Future

In today's mortgage industry, being computer literate is more important than ever. From processing loan applications to managing customer data, technology is at the core of nearly every task. Understanding how to use digital tools not only boosts efficiency but also helps prevent costly errors and compliance issues.

Why Computer Literacy Matters

Computer literacy allows mortgage professionals to navigate the tools they need every day—loan origination systems (LOS), document management platforms, and secure communication software. Without these basic tech skills, employees risk making mistakes that could slow down the loan process or even lead to legal problems. As systems become more complex, being able to quickly learn and adapt to new technologies will be a must-have skill.

Common Mortgage Software Tools

Here are some popular types of software used in the mortgage industry:

Encompass by ICE Mortgage Technology: A leading LOS that streamlines the entire mortgage process.
Calyx Point: Known for its user-friendly interface and strong compliance tools.
Blend: A digital lending platform that enhances borrower experience and speeds up application processing.
DocMagic: Used for document generation, delivery, and electronic signature.
Ellie Mae Network: Facilitates communication between lenders, investors, and service providers.

Each of these tools requires a level of comfort with computers, from using cloud-based platforms to navigating dashboards and interpreting real-time data.

The Role of Technology in the Industry's Future

The mortgage industry has come a long way from spreadsheets and paper files. Today, cloud computing, AI, and real-time data processing are already transforming how business is done. AI tools now help with everything from underwriting and fraud detection to customer support through chatbots. These technologies reduce the need for manual labor and speed up decision-making.

Looking ahead, the next decade will likely bring even greater changes:

Faster hardware will support quicker data processing, leading to faster loan approvals.
User-friendly, secure operating systems will make it easier to manage and protect sensitive customer data.
Advanced networking will improve collaboration across departments and with external partners.
AI-driven insights will analyze borrower profiles and market trends to make smarter risk assessments in real time.

Staying Ahead Through Continued Learning

To stay competitive, mortgage professionals must continue learning. The more familiar you are with emerging tech, the better prepared you'll be to thrive in a fast-changing environment. Embracing innovation is not just about keeping up—it's about staying ahead.

Conclusion

The future of the mortgage industry is digital. From AI to automation, new technologies are changing how loans are processed and approved. Being computer literate isn’t just a helpful skill—it’s a necessary one. As the tools of the trade evolve, so too must the people who use them.

Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2020). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm (16th ed.). Pearson.

Schatsky, D., Muraskin, C., & Gurumurthy, R. (2020). Intelligent automation: A new era of innovation. Deloitte Insights.

Exploring the Internet with Ping and Traceroute

“Understanding the journey is just as important as reaching the destination.” This quote perfectly sums up my recent experience using ping and traceroute commands to track round-trip times (RTT) to three different websites across the globe. It was both enlightening and educational, offering an inside look into how data travels through the internet.

Breaking Down the Journey

When we send data over the internet, it's not sent as one big chunk. Instead, it's broken down into smaller units called packets. Each packet includes important information like the source and destination IP addresses, a sequence number, and error-checking data. These packets are then transmitted independently and reassembled at the destination.

As packets travel, they pass through different devices like routers and switches, which determine the best route using something called routing tables. Each step along the way is called a hop, and these hops can be tracked using the traceroute command.

(Screenshot of Ping results)

Visualizing the Path

Using traceroute helped me visualize each hop a packet takes through various networks. I compared the results from three different websites:

Google.com (local server)
Yahoo.com.cn (China)
Amazon.com.au (Australia)

Google.com had the fewest hops and lowest RTT, as it was hosted on a nearby server. In contrast, Yahoo.com.cn and Amazon.com.au—both located in distant countries—showed more hops and higher RTTs.

(Screenshot of Traceroute results)

What Impacts RTT?

RTT increases as the distance between your device and the server grows. However, it’s not just about distance. Network congestion and routing inefficiencies also play a role.

Troubleshooting with Ping and Traceroute

Both ping and traceroute are excellent tools for diagnosing internet issues:

Ping checks if a host is reachable and measures the delay.
Traceroute identifies where the delay or failure is happening.

These tools are commonly used when:

A firewall blocks ICMP traffic, causing ping or traceroute to fail.
A router or network device is overloaded or set up to ignore these types of requests.

Final Thoughts

Using these commands not only helped me better understand how the internet works but also showed me how to troubleshoot common connectivity issues. It's incredible how much you can learn by simply observing how your data travels.

Screenshots

Below are some screenshots showing the results of the ping and traceroute commands used to track the RTT for each server.

Stay curious and keep exploring the digital world—there's always more to learn!

Simplicity Is the Soul of Efficiency: Learning Digital Tools and Software

“Simplicity is the soul of efficiency.”
— Austin Freeman

Recently, I had a hands-on experience working with different types of software tools, and it turned out to be both rewarding and educational. I created a journal entry, calculated percentages, developed a PowerPoint presentation, and worked with a database. These activities helped me understand how each digital tool serves a unique purpose in today’s tech-driven world.

Luckily, the material in Chapter 6.2 of CertMaster Learn Tech+ made the learning process easier. The videos were especially helpful, and using online tools like Scratch made coding much less intimidating. For creating a PowerPoint, I found a great resource that explained everything clearly and step-by-step: How to Make a PowerPoint Presentation.

Getting to Know the Software Tools

Understanding when and how to use digital applications can save you time and effort. Here’s a breakdown of the four main tools I worked with:

📝 Word Processors

Example: Microsoft Word

Word processors are great for writing and editing documents like essays, reports, and letters. They make it easy to format text, correct grammar, and structure your content.
Pros:

Easy to use
Good for text editing
Works with different file types

Cons:

Not good for calculations or analyzing data

Use this tool when your focus is mostly on writing.

📊 Spreadsheets

Example: Microsoft Excel

Spreadsheets are used to organize, calculate, and analyze numbers. You can use formulas, charts, and tables to work with data.
Pros:

Great for handling numbers
Good for data analysis
Helps with budgeting or tracking stats

Cons:

Not ideal for long written content
Not meant for complex data storage like databases

Choose this tool when you need to work with numbers or create graphs.

🎨 Presentation Software

Example: Microsoft PowerPoint

This tool helps you build visual presentations using slides, images, animations, and more. It’s perfect for showcasing ideas to a group.
Pros:

Great for visual learning
Engages audiences with pictures and sound
Easy to use for simple presentations

Cons:

Too many visuals can become distracting
Not suitable for heavy text or data work

Use PowerPoint to present your ideas clearly and creatively.

📀 Database Applications

Example: Microsoft Access

Databases are used to store, manage, and retrieve large amounts of structured data. They are more complex and are often used by professionals.
Pros:

Handles big data efficiently
Excellent for organizing and searching records
Useful in banking, libraries, and online stores

Cons:

Requires more technical knowledge
Not user-friendly for beginners

Go for databases when you need to manage large-scale data systems.

Final Thoughts

Learning to use different software applications has helped me become more confident and efficient. What’s interesting is that once you understand how one tool works, you’ll often find similarities in others. For example, formatting text in Word is like adjusting text in PowerPoint, and using formulas in Excel gives you a head start on database functions.

Technology is always changing, and getting familiar with these tools opens the door to creativity, problem-solving, and new opportunities. Whether you’re writing a report, building a presentation, or exploring basic code through Scratch, each step you take builds your digital skill set—and that’s a big win in today’s world.

Tuesday, May 20, 2025

App Review: DraftKings – Betting Made Simple and Secure

If you’re into sports and love a little extra excitement, you’ve probably heard of DraftKings. I decided to review this app because, honestly, I use it way more than I should! DraftKings is one of the most popular apps for online sports betting, and it's available 24/7 around the world. Whether you're using a phone, tablet, or computer, it gives you full access to games and bets any time you want.

What Makes DraftKings Stand Out?

🧠 Smart Design

DraftKings has a clean, sharp look. The black background helps important sections stand out, making it easy to read game stats, betting odds, and player information. The app is organized in a way that’s simple to understand—even for beginners.

You can place regular bets or go for more advanced options like parlays, where you combine several bets into one. There’s also the choice to bet on team wins, player performances, or even fantasy contests.

💳 Fast and Flexible Payments

One of the best parts of the DraftKings app is how quickly and easily you can handle money. There are a lot of payment methods to choose from—like debit cards, PayPal, Venmo, and even gift cards. Most deposits show up within seconds, and withdrawals usually hit your account within hours.

The app also uses two-factor authentication for safety. You can log in with your fingerprint, and it also sends a code to your email or phone for extra protection. This makes your account feel a lot more secure when you’re dealing with real money.

👍 Easy to Use

The DraftKings app is super user-friendly. Signing up, making deposits, and placing bets is all smooth and simple. The layout makes it easy to find what you’re looking for, and it works perfectly on mobile devices—great for when you’re betting on the go.

🛠 Functionality

DraftKings offers more than just sports betting. You can also find:

Fantasy contests
Casino games
Live tracking for games
Horse racing

It’s quick and reliable when placing bets, and you get real-time updates so you always know what’s happening with your wagers. You can even cash out early if you want to lock in your winnings or cut your losses.

📈 Areas for Improvement

Even though DraftKings is a solid app, there are still a few things that could be better:

Speed and Stability: The app sometimes lags or crashes during big events. Improving performance during high-traffic times would help a lot.
Better Search Filters: Finding niche sports or contests can be tricky. Adding more filters would make this easier.
Faster Payouts: While withdrawals are pretty fast, speeding up PayPal and debit payouts would make the app even better.
Stronger Age Verification: Improving age checks could help keep underage users from accessing the app.

Final Thoughts

DraftKings is a well-designed app that makes sports betting easy, fast, and fun. With tons of betting options, strong security, and a clean layout, it’s no wonder it’s one of the top names in the industry.

If you’re looking for an app that puts sports, fantasy games, and betting all in one place, DraftKings is worth a try—just make sure you’re playing responsibly!

Learning to Code: Building Life Skills for the Future

“Learning to code teaches valuable life skills and systematic reasoning across careers.”
— Mitch Resnick, Professor of Learning Research at MIT

Have you ever wondered what it’s like to learn how to code? According to Professor Mitch Resnick, it’s like learning a new language. Just like we learn to speak before we write, we need to understand how code works before we can start writing complex programs.

Resnick helped create Scratch, a simple and fun programming tool that uses colorful blocks instead of lines of code. It’s perfect for beginners who want to explore how coding works. With Scratch, you can drag and drop blocks to make animations, games, and interactive stories.

I used Scratch to build my first project. It included motion, visuals, sound effects, and control blocks. You can check it out here: https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/1166614260/editor Scratch made learning to code exciting and easy. I could start building right away, and it helped me understand key ideas like conditionals, loops, and variables—concepts that are important in more advanced programming languages too.

Different Types of Programming Languages

In Chapter 10 of CertMaster Learn Tech+, we explore the many programming languages available and how each one is used in different ways. Here’s a quick breakdown of the main types:

1. Interpreted Languages

Interpreted languages run the code line by line when you start the program. This makes them easier to debug because you can find mistakes right away. One major benefit is portability—your code can run on different operating systems without needing changes. However, they can be slower since the code has to be translated into machine language each time it runs.

2. Compiled Languages

Compiled languages use a tool called a compiler to change your code into machine language (also known as binary code) before it runs. This makes programs faster and more powerful, especially when they need to use devices like cameras, GPS, or motion sensors. Compiled languages are often used in high-performance applications like video games.

3. Assembly Language

Assembly language is a low-level programming language that talks directly to the computer’s hardware. It’s faster and closer to machine code, which makes it useful for speed and control. But it’s also harder to learn and not commonly used today except in special cases, like building operating systems or hardware controllers.

4. Structured Query Language (SQL)

SQL is a special language used to work with databases. It helps find and organize data, making it useful for businesses, science, and even tracking things like weather patterns or store inventory. SQL makes large sets of information easier to understand and use.

Why Learning to Code Matters

Learning to code doesn’t just help you become a computer programmer. It also teaches you how to solve problems, think logically, and understand systems—skills that are useful in almost every career. Whether you want to work in healthcare, business, education, or entertainment, understanding how technology works gives you a big advantage.

Getting started is easier than you think. Tools like Scratch help you dive in without getting overwhelmed. Once you’re comfortable, you can explore more powerful languages and build even more amazing things.

Ready to give coding a try? Visit Scratch and start creating today. You might just discover a new passion—and a path to your future.